Keras is vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Arbitrary Code Execution in Keras
Keras versions prior to 3.11.0 allow for arbitrary code execution when loading a crafted .keras model archive, even when safe_mode=True.
The issue arises because the archive’s config.json is parsed before layer deserialization. This can invoke keras.config.enable_unsafe_deserialization(), effectively disabling safe mode from within the loading process itself. An attacker can place this call first in the archive and then include a Lambda layer whose function is deserialized from a pickle, leading to the execution of attacker-controlled Python code as soon as a victim loads the model file.
Exploitation requires a user to open an untrusted model; no additional privileges are needed. The fix in version 3.11.0 enforces safe-mode semantics before reading any user-controlled configuration and prevents the toggling of unsafe deserialization via the config file.
Affected versions: < 3.11.0 Patched version: 3.11.0
It is recommended to upgrade to version 3.11.0 or later and to avoid opening untrusted model files.
Affected software
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| Platform | Package | Vulnerable versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python (PyPI) | keras | < 3.11.0 | 3.11.0 |
References
- https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21429
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9906
- https://github.com/keras-team/keras/commit/713172ab56b864e59e2aa79b1a51b0e728bba858
- https://github.com/keras-team/keras
- https://github.com/keras-team/keras/releases/tag/v3.11.0
- https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/keras/PYSEC-2025-76.yaml
- https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-9906
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H- Weakness (CWE)
CWE-502- Platform
- Python (PyPI)
- Package
keras- Disclosed
- 19.09.2025
- Updated
- 11.10.2026 15:17
Sources and licenses
OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - PYSEC-2025-76 - PyPA Advisory Database; CC BY 4.0
OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c - CC BY 4.0
Vulnerability history: keras
All published vulnerabilities of this package (Python (PyPI)), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.
- Total entries
- 20
- First → latest
- 04.2024 08.2026
- Without a fix
- 1
- Exploited in attacks
- 0
Severity breakdown
- Critical 2
- High 11
- Medium 6
- Low 1
Disclosures per year
- 2024: 1
- 2025: 8
- 2026: 11
-
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