Arbitrary Code Execution via Crafted Keras Config for Model Loading
Impact
The Keras Model.load_model function permits arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True, through a manually constructed, malicious .keras archive. By altering the config.json file within the archive, an attacker can specify arbitrary Python modules and functions, along with their arguments, to be loaded and executed during model loading.
Patches
This problem is fixed starting with version 3.9.
Workarounds
Only load models from trusted sources and model archives created with Keras.
References
Affected software
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| Platform | Package | Vulnerable versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python (PyPI) | keras | >= 3.0.0, < 3.9.0 | 3.9.0 |
References
- https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/20751
- https://towerofhanoi.it/writeups/cve-2025-1550/
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-48g7-3x6r-xfhp
- https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-48g7-3x6r-xfhp
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1550
- https://github.com/keras-team/keras/commit/e67ac8ffd0c883bec68eb65bb52340c7f9d3a903
- https://github.com/keras-team/keras
- https://github.com/keras-team/keras/releases/tag/v3.9.0
- https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/keras/PYSEC-2025-122.yaml
- https://towerofhanoi.it/writeups/cve-2025-1550
- CVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H- Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94- Platform
- Python (PyPI)
- Package
keras- Disclosed
- 11.03.2025
- Updated
- 11.10.2026 15:17
Sources and licenses
OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - PYSEC-2025-122 - PyPA Advisory Database; CC BY 4.0
OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-48g7-3x6r-xfhp - CC BY 4.0
Vulnerability history: keras
All published vulnerabilities of this package (Python (PyPI)), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.
- Total entries
- 20
- First → latest
- 04.2024 08.2026
- Without a fix
- 1
- Exploited in attacks
- 0
Severity breakdown
- Critical 2
- High 11
- Medium 6
- Low 1
Disclosures per year
- 2024: 1
- 2025: 8
- 2026: 11
-
Arbitrary Code Execution via Crafted Keras Config for Model Loading this entry
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