Apollo Gateway Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Optimization Bypass
Impact
Summary
A vulnerability in Apollo Gateway allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to query plan, specifically due to internal optimizations being frequently bypassed. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service.
Details
The query planner includes an optimization that significantly speeds up planning for applicable GraphQL selections. However, queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments can generate many selections where this optimization does not apply, leading to significantly longer planning times. Because the query planner does not enforce a timeout, a small number of such queries can render gateway inoperable.
Fix/Mitigation
- A new Query Optimization Limit metric has been added:
- This metric approximates the number of selections that cannot be skipped by the existing optimization.
- The metric is checked against a limit to prevent excessive computation.
Given the complexity of query planning optimizations, we will continue refining these solutions based on real-world performance and accuracy tests.
Patches
This has been remediated in @apollo/gateway version 2.10.1.
Workarounds
No known direct workarounds exist.
References
Acknowledgements
We appreciate the efforts of the security community in identifying and improving the performance and security of query planning mechanisms.
Affected software
Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.
| Platform | Package | Vulnerable versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| npm package | @apollo/gateway | < 2.10.1 | 2.10.1 |
References
- https://github.com/apollographql/federation/security/advisories/GHSA-p2q6-pwh5-m6jr
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32031
- https://github.com/apollographql/federation/pull/3236
- https://github.com/apollographql/federation
- https://github.com/apollographql/federation/releases/tag/%40apollo%2Fgateway%402.10.1
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H- Weakness (CWE)
CWE-770- Platform
- npm
- Package
@apollo/gateway- Disclosed
- 07.04.2025
- Updated
- 11.10.2026 10:22
Sources and licenses
OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-p2q6-pwh5-m6jr - CC BY 4.0
Vulnerability history: @apollo/gateway
All published vulnerabilities of this package (npm package), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.
- Total entries
- 5
- First → latest
- 06.2019 03.2026
- Without a fix
- 0
- Exploited in attacks
- 0
Severity breakdown
- Critical 1
- High 4
Disclosures per year
- 2019: 1
- 2020: 0
- 2021: 0
- 2022: 0
- 2023: 0
- 2024: 1
- 2025: 2
- 2026: 1
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Apollo Gateway Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Optimization Bypass this entry
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