Apollo Gateway Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Named Fragment Expansion
Impact
Summary
A vulnerability in Apollo Gateway allowed queries with deeply nested and reused named fragments to be prohibitively expensive to query plan, specifically during named fragment expansion. This could lead to excessive resource consumption and denial of service.
Details
Named fragments were being expanded once per fragment spread during query planning, leading to exponential resource usage when deeply nested and reused fragments were involved.
Fix/Mitigation
A new Query Fragment Expansion Limit metric has been introduced:
- This metric computes the number of selections a query would have if its fragment spreads were fully expanded.
- The metric is checked against a limit to prevent excessive computation.
Patches
This has been remediated in @apollo/gateway version 2.10.1.
Workarounds
No known direct workarounds exist.
References
Acknowledgements
We appreciate the efforts of the security community in identifying and improving the performance and security of query planning mechanisms.
Affected software
Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.
| Platform | Package | Vulnerable versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| npm package | @apollo/gateway | < 2.10.1 | 2.10.1 |
References
- https://github.com/apollographql/federation/security/advisories/GHSA-q2f9-x4p4-7xmh
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32030
- https://github.com/apollographql/federation/pull/3236
- https://github.com/apollographql/federation
- https://github.com/apollographql/federation/releases/tag/%40apollo%2Fgateway%402.10.1
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H- Weakness (CWE)
CWE-770- Platform
- npm
- Package
@apollo/gateway- Disclosed
- 07.04.2025
- Updated
- 11.10.2026 10:22
Sources and licenses
OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-q2f9-x4p4-7xmh - CC BY 4.0
Vulnerability history: @apollo/gateway
All published vulnerabilities of this package (npm package), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.
- Total entries
- 5
- First → latest
- 06.2019 03.2026
- Without a fix
- 0
- Exploited in attacks
- 0
Severity breakdown
- Critical 1
- High 4
Disclosures per year
- 2019: 1
- 2020: 0
- 2021: 0
- 2022: 0
- 2023: 0
- 2024: 1
- 2025: 2
- 2026: 1
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Apollo Gateway Query Planner Vulnerable to Excessive Resource Consumption via Named Fragment Expansion this entry
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