Medium

NiceGUI apps are vulnerable to XSS which uses `ui.sub_pages` and render arbitrary user-provided links

  • Disclosed: 08.01.2026
  • Updated: 11.10.2026 13:19

Summary

An unsafe implementation in the click event listener used by ui.sub_pages, combined with attacker-controlled link rendering on the page, causes an XSS when the user actively clicks on the link.

Details

  1. On click, eventually sub_pages_navigate event is emitted. https://github.com/zauberzeug/nicegui/blob/59fa9424c470f1b12c5d368985fa36e21fda706b/nicegui/elements/sub_pages.js#L41-L63

  2. SubPagesRouter (used by ui.sub_pages), lisnening on sub_pages_navigate, _handle_navigate runs. https://github.com/zauberzeug/nicegui/blob/59fa9424c470f1b12c5d368985fa36e21fda706b/nicegui/sub_pages_router.py#L18-L22

  3. _handle_navigate runs run_javascript with f-string substituting self.current_path which is simply surrounded by double-quotes. The string context can be broken out easily.

https://github.com/zauberzeug/nicegui/blob/59fa9424c470f1b12c5d368985fa36e21fda706b/nicegui/sub_pages_router.py#L73-L88

PoC

The minimal PoC boils down to this:

python
from nicegui import ui

ui.sub_pages({'/': lambda: ui.link('Go to XSS', '/"+alert(1)+"')})

ui.run()

However, it is more likely that the attack takes place with attacker-controlled input, for which this shows it:

python
from nicegui import app, ui

ui.sub_pages({'/': lambda: ui.label('Hello, World!')})

ui.textarea('Markdown content').bind_value(app.storage.general, 'markdown_content')

ui.markdown().bind_content_from(app.storage.general, 'markdown_content')

ui.run()

Vulnerable input is [XSS LINK](/"+alert(document.domain)+") (causes double payload execution, though)

Both cases require someone to click on the link.

<img width="1428" height="254" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/8be4f345-c0cf-4df2-9917-677a2ea72626" />

Impact

Any page which uses ui.sub_pages and renders arbitrary links on screen (common case of ui.markdown) is affected.

The impact is low since a click is always required from the user, who can on-hover to discover the sketchy content of the link and stop if well-trained.

Appendix

AI is used safely to judge the CVSS scoring (input is not even provided, just the impact statement).

Please find the results in https://poe.com/s/y5DvyqgtszDGLUuHin1O

Scoring update after manual review

  • Scope Changed is more inline with other posted XSS vulnerabilities
  • Availability None: No DDoS is possible with this. Site remains performant as ever.

Affected software

Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.

PlatformPackageVulnerable versionsFixed in
Python (PyPI) nicegui >= 2.22.0, < 3.5.0 3.5.0

References

CVSS score 6.1/10
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Weakness (CWE)
CWE-79
Platform
Python (PyPI)
Package
nicegui
Disclosed
08.01.2026
Updated
11.10.2026 13:19

Sources and licenses

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - PYSEC-2026-1701 - PyPA Advisory Database; CC BY 4.0

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-m7j5-rq9j-6jj9 - CC BY 4.0

Vulnerability history: nicegui

All published vulnerabilities of this package (Python (PyPI)), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.

All (17) in the archive
Total entries
17
First → latest
04.2024 05.2026
Without a fix
0
Exploited in attacks
0

Severity breakdown

  • High 6
  • Medium 11

Disclosures per year

  1. 2024: 1
  2. 2025: 5
  3. 2026: 11
Severity:
  1. High · 7.2 CVE-2026-21873 >= 2.22.0, < 3.5.0 3.5.0
  2. NiceGUI apps are vulnerable to XSS which uses `ui.sub_pages` and render arbitrary user-provided links this entry
    Medium · 6.1 CVE-2026-21872 >= 2.22.0, < 3.5.0 3.5.0
  3. High · 7.5 CVE-2025-21618 < 2.9.1 2.9.1
  4. High · 8.2 CVE-2024-32005 >= 1.4.6, < 1.4.21 1.4.21

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