ZX Allows Environment Variable Injection for dotenv API
Impact
This vulnerability is an Environment Variable Injection issue in dotenv.stringify, affecting google/zx version 8.3.1.
An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into process.env. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through dotenv.stringify are particularly vulnerable.
Patches
This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to dotenv.stringify. Specifically, avoid using ", ', and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.
References
Affected software
Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.
| Platform | Package | Vulnerable versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| npm package | zx | >= 8.3.1, < 8.3.2 | 8.3.2 |
References
- https://github.com/google/zx/security/advisories/GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24959
- https://github.com/google/zx/pull/1094
- https://github.com/google/zx/commit/5ba714d14ecf0555a74d4db96622840ac19839c5
- https://github.com/google/zx
- https://github.com/webpod/envapi/blob/v0.2.1/src/main/ts/envapi.ts#L74-L77
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H- Weakness (CWE)
CWE-74- Platform
- npm
- Package
zx- Disclosed
- 03.02.2025
- Updated
- 11.10.2026 10:22
Sources and licenses
OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87 - CC BY 4.0
Vulnerability history: zx
All published vulnerabilities of this package (npm package), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.
- Total entries
- 2
- First → latest
- 02.2025 11.2025
- Without a fix
- 0
- Exploited in attacks
- 0
Severity breakdown
- Medium 2
Disclosures per year
- 2025: 2
- 2026: 0
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