High

Incorrect handling of invalid surrogate pair characters

  • Disclosed: 05.07.2022
  • Updated: 11.10.2026 13:18

Impact

What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?

Anyone parsing JSON from an untrusted source is vulnerable.

JSON strings that contain escaped surrogate characters not part of a proper surrogate pair were decoded incorrectly. Besides corrupting strings, this allowed for potential key confusion and value overwriting in dictionaries.

Examples:

python
# An unpaired high surrogate character is ignored.
>>> ujson.loads(r'"\uD800"')
''
>>> ujson.loads(r'"\uD800hello"')
'hello'

# An unpaired low surrogate character is preserved.
>>> ujson.loads(r'"\uDC00"')
'\udc00'

# A pair of surrogates with additional non surrogate characters pair up in spite of being invalid.
>>> ujson.loads(r'"\uD800foo bar\uDC00"')
'foo bar𐀀'

Patches

Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?

Users should upgrade to UltraJSON 5.4.0.

From version 5.4.0, UltraJSON decodes lone surrogates in the same way as the standard library's json module does, preserving them in the parsed output:

python
>>> ujson.loads(r'"\uD800"')
'\ud800'
>>> ujson.loads(r'"\uD800hello"')
'\ud800hello'
>>> ujson.loads(r'"\uDC00"')
'\udc00'
>>> ujson.loads(r'"\uD800foo bar\uDC00"')
'\ud800foo bar\udc00'

Workarounds

Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?

Short of switching to an entirely different JSON library, there are no safe alternatives to upgrading.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

Affected software

Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.

PlatformPackageVulnerable versionsFixed in
Python (PyPI) ujson < 5.4.0 5.4.0

References

CVSS score 7.5/10
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Weakness (CWE)
CWE-670
Platform
Python (PyPI)
Package
ujson
Disclosed
05.07.2022
Updated
11.10.2026 13:18

Sources and licenses

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - PYSEC-2026-1057 - PyPA Advisory Database; CC BY 4.0

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-wpqr-jcpx-745r - CC BY 4.0

Vulnerability history: ujson

All published vulnerabilities of this package (Python (PyPI)), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.

Total entries
7
First → latest
01.2022 06.2026
Without a fix
0
Exploited in attacks
0

Severity breakdown

  • High 4
  • Medium 3

Disclosures per year

  1. 2022: 3
  2. 2023: 0
  3. 2024: 0
  4. 2025: 0
  5. 2026: 4
  1. High · 7.5 CVE-2026-44660 < 5.12.1 5.12.1
  2. High · 7.5 CVE-2026-32874 >= 5.4.0, < 5.12.0 5.12.0
  3. Incorrect handling of invalid surrogate pair characters this entry
    High · 7.5 CVE-2022-31116 < 5.4.0 5.4.0
  4. Medium · 5.9 CVE-2022-31117 < 5.4.0 5.4.0
  5. Medium · 5.5 CVE-2021-45958 >= 1.34, < 5.2.0 5.2.0

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