Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution
CISA confirms exploitation of this vulnerability in real attacks. Prioritise checking whether your application is affected. CISA KEV · CC0 1.0
The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.
Affected software
Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.
| Platform | Package | Vulnerable versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Java / Kotlin (Maven) | org.apache.struts:struts2-core | < 2.2.3.1 | 2.2.3.1 |
| Java / Kotlin (Maven) | org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core | < 2.2.3.1 | 2.2.3.1 |
References
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0391
- https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/25e50069d60434a30395e3a98357ffba2bed427e
- https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/5f54b8d087f5125d96838aafa5f64c2190e6885b
- https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/b4265d369dc29d57a9f2846a85b26598e83f3892
- https://github.com/apache/struts
- https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3668
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2012-0391
- https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt
- http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-01/0031.html
- http://secunia.com/advisories/47393
- http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/s2-008.html
- http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.html
- http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H- Weakness (CWE)
CWE-20, CWE-94- Platform
- Java / Kotlin (Maven)
- Package
org.apache.struts:struts2-core, org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core- Disclosed
- 04.05.2022
- Updated
- 11.10.2026 12:22
Sources and licenses
OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w - CC BY 4.0
Vulnerability history: org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core
All published vulnerabilities of this package (Java / Kotlin (Maven)), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.
- Total entries
- 16
- First → latest
- 05.2022 01.2026
- Without a fix
- 1
- Exploited in attacks
- 1
Severity breakdown
- Critical 1
- High 9
- Medium 6
Disclosures per year
- 2022: 15
- 2023: 0
- 2024: 0
- 2025: 0
- 2026: 1
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