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Alta

Code injection in Apache Struts

  • Publicada: 13.05.2022
  • Actualizado: 11.10.2026 11:21

A vulnerability introduced by forcing parameter inclusion in the URL and Anchor Tag allows remote command execution, session access and manipulation and XSS attacks.

both the s:url and s:a tag provide an includeParams attribute.

The main scope of that attribute is to understand whether includes http request parameter or not.

The allowed values of includeParams are:

none - include no parameters in the URL (default)
get - include only GET parameters in the URL
all - include both GET and POST parameters in the URL

A request that included a specially crafted request parameter could be used to inject arbitrary OGNL code into the stack, afterward used as request parameter of an URL or A tag , which will cause a further evaluation.

The second evaluation happens when the URL/A tag tries to resolve every parameters present in the original request. This lets malicious users put arbitrary OGNL statements into any request parameter (not necessarily managed by the code) and have it evaluated as an OGNL expression to enable method execution and execute arbitrary methods, bypassing Struts and OGNL library protections.

The issue was originally addressed by Struts 2.3.14.1 and Security Announcement S2-013. However, the solution introduced with 2.3.14.1 did not address all possible attack vectors, such that every version of Struts 2 before 2.3.14.2 is still vulnerable to such attacks.

Software afectado

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PlataformaPaqueteVersiones vulnerablesCorregida en
Java / Kotlin (Maven) org.apache.struts:struts2-core >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.2 2.3.14.2
Java / Kotlin (Maven) org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.2 2.3.14.2

Referencias

Puntuación CVSS 8.1/10
Vector CVSS
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Debilidad (CWE)
CWE-94
Plataforma
Java / Kotlin (Maven)
Paquete
org.apache.struts:struts2-core, org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core
Publicada
13.05.2022
Actualizado
11.10.2026 11:21

Fuentes y licencias

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-7ghm-rpc7-p7g5 - CC BY 4.0

Historial de vulnerabilidades: org.apache.struts:struts2-core

Todas las vulnerabilidades publicadas de este paquete (Java / Kotlin (Maven)), de la más reciente a la más antigua. Muestra si es un fallo aislado o un paquete que hay que vigilar.

Todas (60) en el archivo
Entradas en total
60
Primera → última
10.2018 01.2026
Sin corrección
0
Explotada en ataques
6

Distribución por gravedad

  • Crítica 14
  • Alta 25
  • Media 20
  • Baja 1

Divulgaciones por año

Gravedad:
  1. Apache Struts 2 is Missing XML Validation
    Alta · 8.1 CVE-2025-68493 >= 2.0.0, <= 2.3.37, >= 2.5.0, <= 2.5.33, >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.1 6.1.1
  2. Apache Struts has a Denial of Service vulnerability
    Alta · 8.2 CVE-2025-66675 >= 2.0.0, < 6.8.0, >= 7.0.0, < 7.1.1 6.8.0, 7.1.1
  3. Apache Struts is Vulnerable to DoS via File Leak
    Alta · 7.5 CVE-2025-64775 >= 6.0.0, < 6.8.0, >= 7.0.0, < 7.1.1, >= 2.0.0, <= 2.3.37, >= 2.5.0, <= 2.5.33 6.8.0, 7.1.1
  4. Apache Struts file upload logic is flawed
    Crítica · 9.8 CVE-2024-53677 < 6.4.0 6.4.0
  5. Apache Struts vulnerable to path traversal
    Crítica · 9.8 CVE-2023-50164 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.33, >= 6.0.0, < 6.3.0.2 2.5.33, 6.3.0.2
  6. Apache Struts Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources vulnerability
    Alta · 7.5 CVE-2023-41835 >= 6.2.0, < 6.3.0.1, >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.2.2, < 2.5.32 6.3.0.1, 6.1.2.2, 2.5.32
  7. Apache Struts vulnerable to memory exhaustion
    Alta · 7.5 CVE-2023-34396 < 2.5.31, >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.2.1 2.5.31, 6.1.2.1
  8. Improper Preservation of Permissions in Apache Struts
    Alta · 7.5 CVE-2019-0233 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.22 2.5.22
  9. Remote Code Execution in Apache Struts
    Crítica · 9.8 CVE-2016-3082 < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.24, < 2.3.24.3, >= 2.3.28, < 2.3.28.1 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3, 2.3.28.1
  10. Code injection in Apache Struts
    Alta CVE-2013-4316 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.15.2 2.3.15.2
  11. Apache Struts improper action name cleanup
    Crítica · 9.8 CVE-2016-4436 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.29, >= 2.5-BETA1, < 2.5.1 2.3.29, 2.5.1
  12. Incomplete exclude pattern in Apache Struts
    Alta CVE-2015-1831 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.20.1 2.3.20.1
  13. Special top object can be used to access Struts' internals
    Alta · 7.5 CVE-2015-5209 < 2.3.24.1 2.3.24.1
  14. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2
    Alta CVE-2013-2134 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.3 2.3.14.3
  15. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2
    Alta CVE-2013-2135 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.3 2.3.14.3
  16. Apache Struts Code injection due to conversion error
    Alta CVE-2012-0838 < 2.2.3.1 2.2.3.1
  17. Apache Struts forced double OGNL evaluation
    Alta · 8.8 CVE-2016-4461 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.29 2.3.29
  18. ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts
    Alta CVE-2014-0112 < 2.3.20 2.3.20
  19. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts
    Alta CVE-2013-1966 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.2 2.3.14.2
  20. ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts
    Alta CVE-2014-0113 < 2.3.20 2.3.20
  21. Improper Control of Generation of Code in Apache Struts
    Alta CVE-2013-1965 < 2.3.14.3 2.3.14.3
  22. ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts
    Alta CVE-2014-0116 < 2.3.20 2.3.20
  23. Apache Struts vulnerable to arbitrary remote code execution due to improper input validation
    Crítica · 9.8 CVE-2016-3087 >= 2.3.19, < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.21, < 2.3.24.3, >= 2.3.25, < 2.3.28.1 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3, 2.3.28.1
  24. Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability
    Alta · 8.1 Explotada en ataques CVE-2016-3081 >= 2.3.19, < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.21, < 2.3.24.3, >= 2.3.25, < 2.3.28.1 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3, 2.3.28.1
  25. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2
    Crítica · 9.8 CVE-2016-4438 >= 2.3.19, < 2.3.29 2.3.29
  26. Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability
    Alta · 8.8 CVE-2016-0785 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.24, < 2.3.24.3 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3
  27. Code injection in Apache Struts esta entrada
    Alta · 8.1 CVE-2013-2115 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.2 2.3.14.2
  28. Code injection in Apache Struts
    Crítica · 9.8 Explotada en ataques CVE-2013-2251 < 2.3.15.1 2.3.15.1
  29. Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution
    Crítica · 9.8 Explotada en ataques CVE-2012-0391 < 2.2.3.1 2.2.3.1
  30. Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type in Apache Struts2
    Alta · 8.8 CVE-2012-1592 >= 2.0, < 2.5.22 2.5.22
  31. Struts ParameterInterceptor vulnerability allows remote command execution
    Crítica · 9.8 CVE-2011-3923 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.1.2 2.3.1.2
  32. Expression Language Injection in Apache Struts
    Crítica · 9.8 CVE-2021-31805 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.30 2.5.30
  33. Remote code execution in Apache Struts
    Crítica · 9.8 Explotada en ataques CVE-2020-17530 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.26 2.5.26
  34. Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes in Apache Struts
    Crítica · 9.8 CVE-2019-0230 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.22 2.5.22
  35. Apache Struts vulnerable to remote command execution (RCE) due to improper input validation
    Alta · 8.1 Explotada en ataques CVE-2018-11776 >= 2.0.4, < 2.3.35, >= 2.5, < 2.5.17 2.3.35, 2.5.17
  36. Apache Struts vulnerable to remote arbitrary command execution due to improper input validation
    Crítica · 10.0 Explotada en ataques CVE-2017-5638 >= 2.3.0, < 2.3.32, >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.10.1 2.3.32, 2.5.10.1
  37. Apache Struts allows entering a custom URL in a form field if built-in URLValidator is used
    Alta · 7.5 CVE-2017-9804 >= 2.3.7, < 2.3.34, >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.13 2.3.34, 2.5.13
  38. Spring AOP functionality (Struts) vulnerable to DoS attack
    Alta · 7.5 CVE-2017-9787 >= 2.3.7, < 2.3.33, >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.12 2.3.33, 2.5.12
  39. Apache Struts 2.0.1 uses an unintentional expression in a Freemarker tag instead of string literal
    Crítica · 9.8 CVE-2017-12611 >= 2.0.1, < 2.3.34, >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.11 2.3.34, 2.5.11

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